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The Origin of the BibleFrom Tyndale House Publishers
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Many books have been written about the Bible, but few explain its origins. This updated volume of the original classic provides a fascinating overview of how the Bible was first inspired, canonized, read as sacred literature, copied in ancient Hebrew and Greek manuscripts, and eventually translated into the languages of the world. This updated book will describe the development of many translations into contemporary English, giving readers a thorough guide to the differences between them.
- Sales Rank: #638182 in Books
- Brand: Tyndale House Publishers
- Published on: 2013-01-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.10" h x 1.10" w x 5.50" l, .85 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 368 pages
Most helpful customer reviews
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
All you could want to know before reading this book
By Hans P. Hansen
Introduction
The Bible. A book that seems to have some controversy or other over every minute detail. There is hardly a verse that has not been the subject of hot debates between theologians and scholars and often laypeople. Perhaps it is no wonder, then, that there is controversy over its origins as well. After all, if the book is so important as to inspire this level of controversy, it must be important to make sure we have the right material in the book, because if we don't, then how can we really come to any conclusions at all? How can there be answers to any of this controversy? More importantly, the reason that the Bible has been the topic of all this controversy, is that Christians believe it to be the Word of God. If God really has spoken to us, it is obviously vital that we do our utmost to know what He said.
In the Origin of the Bible, Philip Comfort compiles fifteen essays by well-known and respected authors and professors with many years of experience in the topics that they write on. The book is an attempt to establish the authority and inspiration of the Bible and then to show that the Bible read by Protestant Christians today is essentially unchanged from that which was written by the biblical authors thousands of years ago, from Moses to the Apostle John. That is, that the Bible was inspired by God, and that our current Bibles are true to that original inspired text.
Summary
The book is broken down into five sections, each dealing with a specific subject pertaining to the Bible's origin. The first section begins with an essay by the renowned professor of Biblical Criticism F. F. Bruce which simply gives an overview of much that is to be covered later in the book, stating succinctly what the other authors will discuss in greater detail. Following this, the authority, inspiration, inerrancy, and infallibility of the Bible are discussed, with the authors not only arguing that these are all characteristics of the Bible, but also showing the pitfalls that await those who fail to attribute these characteristics to the Bible; often with examples from history.
After closing out the section on the authority and inspiration of the Bible, there are three essays that deal with the question of how the canon of the Scriptures was decided. The author's show that there was much more to it than simply a vote at the Council of Nicaea and Milton Fisher ends his article with the words, “No Christian, confident in the providential working of his God and informed about the true nature of canonicity of his Word, should be disturbed about the dependability of the Bible we now possess” (78).
There follow two essays showing how each book of the Bible is similar to the literature of the day in which it was written and arguing very convincingly that the Bible can, and indeed should be understood as a work of literature, though not only as a work of literature. After these essays, there is a section on the texts and manuscripts of the Bible, showing the reason for the text that we have in our Bible and defending the lower criticism that was done to arrive at this end product.
Finally, there is a section on the translation of the Bible. This begins with an essay on Biblical languages, focusing on how the languages God ordained to use were aptly suited to the content He inspired and how we can better understand that content. To close out the book, there is an overview of Bible translation, a History of the English Bible, and finally an essay that looks at the various historic versions of the Bible and how useful they are for lower criticism.
Critical Evaluation
On the face of it, the scope of this book may not seem very broad, but looking more closely at each essay, it is clear that whole books have been written on topics that are covered here in 10-30 pages. The purpose of the book stated in the introduction of this paper, can really be broken down into two parts. The first part, is that the book attempts to show the authority and inspiration of the Bible. This is undertaken in the first four essays, which make up the first of the five sections of the book.
In the second essay of the book, Professor Carl Henry shows first how the authority of the Bible has been challenged and then moves to defending its authority. He particularly uses “The Bible's view of itself” to support its authority (19). He brings up the fact that the Old Testament is filled with the phrase “Thus saith the Lord” and that Jesus often introduces statements with the words “But I say unto you” (19). He goes on to use many New Testament verses to show that the authors of the Scriptures believed what they wrote and what other Bible authors had written before them to be the inspired Word of God (20). The argument seems to be that if the Bible has any merit or authority at all, it has complete authority. This argument is similar to Lewis' trilemma from Mere Christianity, where he states that Jesus was a liar, a lunatic, or the Son of God. The alternatives are not stated, but assumed. Henry's argument is brief, but he makes his point very well. He moves on to show that his view of the authority of Scripture, is one with the whole history of the Church behind it.
Packer, in the third essay, argues for the inspiration of the Bible. First, he quickly deals with the fact that the Scriptures are inspired and not merely inspiring and then goes on to deal with the real issue at hand. Packer uses 2 Timothy 3:16 as the obvious starting point for an article on the inspiration of the Scriptures, stating that “the essential idea here is that all Scripture has the same character as the prophets' sermons had” (30). He argues that “the Scripture are God's own words” citing many verses, including 2 Peter 1:20-21 and then shows how New Testament authors quote the Old Testament and attribute the quotations either directly or indirectly to God Himself (32-33). His second argument is that the only part man had in producing Scripture was to transmit what he received, citing the prophets, the apostles, and Jesus in verses where they each state that they received words from God (33). He goes on to argue against the idea that this view removes the personality of the human author and makes him simply one who listens to a dictation or writes automatically (35-36). The abundance of Scripture that Packer cites, lends credence to his view, and on closer examination, it is clear that the verses he cites, are cited in a way that is true to their context.
The second part of the purpose of this book, is to show that the current version of the Bible accepted by Protestant Christians, is still the inspired Word of God. This is dealt with primarily in the second, fourth, and fifth sections of the book.
The second section focuses on how the canons of the Old and New Testament were decided and what was done with the Apocrypha. After the first section of the book, the second is close behind in importance, dispelling myths about the formation of the canon in a clear, concise manner and inspiring trust in the canon that has been transmitted to us.
In the first essay of this section, the formation of the Old Testament canon is broken down into three stages and books of the Old Testament are shown to have been accepted as they were received and not cobbled together arbitrarily at some later date. Beckwith cites both the apocryphal 1 and 2 Maccabees, as well as the famous first century Jewish historian Josephus in showing that the entire canon of the Old Testament was established hundreds of years prior to the birth of Christ (60-61).
The second essay of section two, deals with the formation of the canon of the New Testament. Fisher breaks down this formation into five periods ranging from the second half of the first century, to the end of the fourth century. He stresses that the main reason that it took so long for the New Testament canon to be assembled, was that the various books were distributed over a very large geographical area and when they began to circulate, some were uncertain when receiving the letter second or third hand, whether or not it was, in fact, inspired (67). The main point to take from this article, is that we can be sure that the majority of the books of the New Testament were accepted as Scripture by those who received them initially, and that we have evidence that the majority of the New Testament was being copied and accepted at least in some regions by the early-mid second century (69-70). These two articles instill great faith that the books that are in our Bible are really inspired by God. I would recommend these two articles to every Christian.
Section four examines the manuscripts and texts that have been preserved and gives a little of the history of how they have come down to us. The second essay in this section (which deals with the texts and manuscripts of the New Testament), is particularly good. Comfort does an admirable job of sifting through a great deal of information and condensing the history of the transmission of the New Testament into twenty-eight very readable pages. He cites all the most important manuscripts and gives brief descriptions. He emphasizes how many manuscripts we do have that were written in the first few centuries AD, including a few that are removed only a few decades from the actual authors. Comfort does a very good job of showing the history of lower criticism and explaining the reasons for no longer using the Textus Receptus. Comfort handles what for some is still a delicate issue, with care and simply lays out the facts.
Section five examines the history and practice of Bible translation from the original languages into various others, with emphasis on its translation into English, devoting an entire essay to the English Bible. Here, the essay on Biblical Languages is very helpful. Walker gives a brief overview of why the Bible was written in Hebrew, Greek, and Aramaic and then goes into a detailed description of each language, showing how the languages themselves affected how the Bible was written and what could be said and how that might be interpreted in English. This essay makes it very evident why there are often varying views on how certain verses should be translated.
The third section seems somewhat out of place in the book. Though it does provide valuable information about the literary nature of the Bible, it seems somewhat divorced from the rest of the book. Perhaps it would be good to include the first of the two essays, which compares the Bible to literature of its day, but the second essay seems out of place. Doubtless the Bible is a literary masterpiece, but this article seems incongruous in the middle of a book focused on the origin and transmission of the Bible. Understanding the Bible as a literary text may be a great thing, but an in depth understanding of this it does not fit within the scope of a book entitled, The Origin of the Bible, as it really has nothing to do with the origin of the Bible. This is the only complaint I have about this book, the essay simply doesn't seem to fit.
Conclusion
Overall, the book is a wonderful defense of the Bible as the authoritative, inspired Word of God. It may be a lot to wade through for some, but it is well worth wading in deep to be drenched by this bibliological treasure trove. I would recommend this book for anyone who struggles with the questions about the origin or authority of the Bible, from ministers to laymen. It is a fairly accessible book, but it does require at least a little commitment to make it all the way through.
6 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Superb
By Amazon Consumer
A classic work. Perfect for any "intro to the Bible" college course. Covers the whole gamot, and its great to have scholars on each subject write in the area they specialize in.
This edition is the same as the previous one, except that it has a new chapter by Comfort entitled "Recent Developments," which is largely focused on new translations.
My only complaint is that the book could have used a discussion on the sufficiency of scripture (e.g., "sola scriptura" debate). But it's touched upon briefly by some of the other essays.
5 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
How the Bible was inspired.
By Sue
"The Origin of the Bible" asks and answers the question - What was the origin of the Bible and how was it inspired?
I read this book back on 2005 and wrote on the inside cover - "Very Technical Reference Book." My copy is all marked with excellent insights from the authors. It is not an easy book to complete but it is well worth the effort.
Pastors, Bible teachers students and seminarians will love this book and consider it a welcome addition to their libraries. I certainly do.
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